Anon. Hedge Hyssop (Gratiola Officinalis) Flower

Field Flowers & Floriography: 1830s Botanical Watercolours

This painting is one of an exquisite collection of botanical works that we have for sale depicting predominantly British 'field flowers'. The pictures speak of the importance of wild meadows as a feature in the English landscape, and inscriptions on some of them indicate that the paintings are the product of direct observation of found specimens. More than just field studies, however, the pictures also feature poetic quotations, which show an appreciation of the Romantic, literary connections of such flowers: 'I love all wild flowers (none are weeds with me)’ wrote 19th-century poet and naturalist John Clare. The paintings also evidence an interest in floriography, the so-called 'language of flowers', many inscribed with the emblematic meaning of the flower, such as 'Cowslip, Emblem of Pensiveness' or 'Viola, Emblem of Modesty'. The artist references Henry Phillips's book 'Floral Emblems', published in 1825, which established a framework for the language of flowers in English for the first time.

The field of floriography was to reach its peak in Victorian England, when numerous 'flower dictionaries' were published and almost every middle-class Victorian family would possess one. The 'science of sweet things' as it was named by John Ingram, author of Flora Symbolic (1869), provided a secretive language through which to convey meaning in a society averse to open expression of feeling and ruled by etiquette. Our connection with flowers and their poetic meaning is, however, ancient and universal: as Ingram writes, 'It has been said that the language of flowers is as old as the days of Adam, and that the antiquity of floral emblems dates from the first throbbing of love in the human breast.'

The artist of these paintings is unknown, but a name accompanying the collection is C.R. Hills of Clay Hill Lodge, Epsom and the paper is in places watermarked 1834.